Comportamiento de los focos rábicos en la provincia La Habana / Behavior of rabies outbreaks in Havana province

Fundamento: para la salud pública y el desarrollo del mundo, las enfermedades como Dengue, Zika, Chikingunya, Fiebre amarrilla y rabia son reemergentes la mayoría de ellas son infecciones que han cruzado la barrera que existe entre las especies animales y los seres humanos. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de los focos rábicos en la provincia La Habana. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos de especie animal positivos a rabia, examinados en el Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de La Habana, desde el 2013 hasta el 2016. Se incluyó 51 muestras de cerebros de carnívoros, quirópteros y herbívoros estudiados en la provincia. Se empleó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa para el diagnóstico de rabia. La descripción de la positividad se realizó a partir de los sistemas de información Excel. Resultados: el municipio Boyeros con mayor índice de positividad seguido de Arroyo Naranjo, desplaza la rabia canina de casos positivos a la rabia por mangosta. Conclusiones: el mayor reporte de casos se notificó en el municipio periférico Boyeros ubicado al sur de la provincia La Habana y limítrofe con la provincia Artemisa.

Background: for the public health and world development diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and rabies are re-emergent and most of them are infections that have crossed the barrier that exists between animal species and humans. Objective: to analyze the behavior of rabies outbreaks in Havana province, from 2013 to 2016. Methods: a retrospective descriptive, observational study of rabies-positive animal species examined at the Provincial Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Havana was conducted from 2013 to 2016. 51 samples of brains from carnivores, bats, and herbivores studied in the province were included. The direct immunofluorescence technique was used for the diagnosis of rabies. The description of the positivity was carried out using the Excel information systems. Results: the municipality of Boyeros with the highest positivity index followed by Arroyo Naranjo, displaces canine rabies cases by mongoose. Conclusions: the largest report of cases was reported in Boyeros geographically located in the south Havana province and bordering with Artemisa province.

Conducta Sexual Diurna de la Vaca Lechera Tropical Carora (Bos taurus taurus) / Diurnal Sexual Behavior of Carora (Bos taurus taurus) Tropical Dairy Cow

A pesar de la importancia de la conducta sexual (CS) para el manejo de programas reproductivos bajo inseminación artificial (PRBIA), los estudios en ganado Carora son escasos. En ese sentido, se estudió la CS en vacas ordeñadas dos veces al día, sin apoyo del becerro e inseminación artificial (IA) siguiendo la regla am-pm, semiestabuladas, alimentadas con forrajes locales y suplementación alimenticia, sales, agua y melaza ad libitum. Se realizó la observación visual diurna durante una hora, a intervalos de tres horas, considerándose en celo aquella hembra que aceptó quieta la monta (AQM) por una de sus compañeras. Se detectaron 134 AQM y otros signos conductuales secundarios (SCS) relacionados. Se determinó la frecuencia, proporción, horario y relación cronológica de SCS con la AQM (período periAQM). La proporción de los SCS fue: cuello uterino tónico 60,45%; presencia de moco cervical o limo 59,70%; seguida por otras vacas 52,99%; olfateada y/o lamida en zona perineal por otra vaca 52,24%; topeteos cabeza con cabeza 42,54%; grupos sexuales activos 40,30%; aceptación quieta de mentón en la grupa 36,57%; rechazo de monta 31,34%; depilaciones-excoriaciones en parte trasera 29,85%; caminar en círculos con husmeos mutuos 23,88%; entrecruzamiento de cuellos (21,64%); aceptación quieta de la monta desorientada (20,15%); apoyar mentón en grupa de otra vaca (19,40%); apoyar o aceptar apoyo del mentón en otras partes del cuerpo (16,42%); caminar nerviosa (12,69%); signo de Flehmen (8,96%); orejas erectas (8,21%); cola en bandera (6,72%); mucosa de vulva enrojecida (2,24%); bramidos (0,75%); tumefacción de vulva, micción frecuente y sangramiento visible en el metaestro no fueron detectados. El 59,70% de las AQM se detectaron en horario pm, 64,9% de los SCS se detectaron en un periodo PeriAQM de dos horas. La vaca Carora presentó una expresiva conducta sexual ventajosa para los PRBIA. Se requieren mayores estudios sobre la duración del estro y su asociación con la endocrinología reproductiva y bienestar animal.

Despite the importance of sexual behavior (SB) for managing animal breeding programs under artificial insemination (ABPAI), studies in Carora cattle are scarce. In that respect, the objective was to study the SB of cows milked twice without calf support and artificial insemination (AI) with am-pm rule, halfway stabled, fed with local forages and nutritional supplementation, salt, water and molasses ad libitum. By diurnal visual observation were observed five times/day, for one hour in intervals of three, considering in heat the quiet acceptance (standing) of the mount (QAM) by one of his herd mates, were detected 134 QAM and other secondary behavioral signs (SBS) related. It was recorded the frequency, time, proportion and chronological relationship between QAM with SBS (PeriQAM period). The SBS proportion were: tonic uterine cervix 60.45%, cervical mucus presence 59.70%) followed by other cows 52.99%, sniffing and/or licking the perineal zone by another cow 52.24%, head to head butting 42.54%, sexually active groups (40.30%), accepted chin resting on rump 36.57%, rejection to mount 31.34%, alopecia by scraping or excoriation on tail head or rump 29.85%, walking in circles with mutual sniffing of the genitalia 23.88%, crosslinking necks 21.64%, standing to disoriented mounts 20.15%, supporting chin on rump of other cows (19.40%), support or accept the chin on other body parts (16.42%), agitated or nervous walking, (restlessness) (12.69%), Flehmen sign (8.96%), erect ears (8.21%), flag tail (6.72%), reddening of vulvar mucus membrane (2.24%), bellowing (0.75%); swelling of the vulva, frequent urination and visible mataestrus bleeding were not detected. The 59.70% of the QAM were detected during PM hours, 64.9% of SBS were detected on a period of two hours PeriQAM. Carora cows showed an expressive advantageous sexual behavior for ABPAI. Further studies on the duration of estrus and its association with reproductive endocrinology and animal welfare are required.

Arrancamento de penas psicogênico em maritacas: haloperidol e enriquecimento ambiental / Psycogenic feather picking behavioral in parakeet: haloperidol and environmental enrichment

Este trabalho avaliou a eficácia dos métodos de enriquecimento ambiental (EA) e da administração do fármaco haloperidol no controle de arrancamento de penas em maritacas mantidas em cativeiro. Foram formados três grupos: G1 tratado com haloperidol, G2 receberam enriquecimento ambiental e G3 aves sem arrancamento de penas. Utilizou-se registro scan, instantâneo dos comportamentos: antes, durante e depois dos tratamentos. Fotografias auxiliaram na avaliação da plumagem através de escore de 0 a 10. No G1, as maritacas reduziram significativamente a atividade física, aumentando o tempo em que ficavam paradas sobre o poleiro e redução também na expressão de outros comportamentos. Nenhuma maritaca do G1 apresentou melhora na qualidade da plumagem, já, no G2, apenas um indivíduo não melhorou a condição da plumagem. Sendo assim, a utilização do enriquecimento ambiental promoveu melhores condições de bem estar animal e proporcionou o crescimento de novas penas nas áreas de arrancamento, ao contrário das observações realizadas em maritacas tratadas com o haloperidol.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of environmental enrichment methods and the haloperidol administration in controlling feather picking in parakeets kept in captivity. Three groups were formed: G1 haloperidol treatment, G2 subjected to environmental enrichment and G3 no feather picked parakeets. In the behavioral study was used scan, instant registration: before, during and after the treatments. The plumage evaluation was done following a score from 0 to 10. G1 parakeets reduced significantly the activity, increasing stopped time on the perch and also reduced their expression of other behaviors. No G1 birds improved the plumage quality, already only one G2 parakeet has not improved feather condition. Thus, the use of environmental enrichment promotes better animal welfare conditions and provided the growth of new feather in the picked areas, in contrast to the observations made ​​in psychogenic feathers picked parakeet treated with haloperidol.

Avaliação comportamental de ratos treinados em natação forçada / Behavioral assessment of rats through the forced-swimming test

Objetivos: O exercício físico regular tem diversos efeitos benéficos, contudo, há relatos de aumento na concentração de corticosteroides endógenos, os quais podem inibir a neurogênese e piorar as funções cognitivas, sendo este um aspecto dúbio do exercício físico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de testes comportamentais, o efeito do exercício crônico por natação forçada com e sem sobrecarga, sobre parâmetros de ansiedade em ratos Wistar.Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar, separados em três grupos: Grupo Controle - submetido apenas a avaliações e contato com a água; Grupo Natação - composto por animais submetidos à natação com tempo progressivo; Grupo Natação com Sobrecarga - composto por animais submetidos à natação com sobrecarga de 10% do peso corporal. O exercício ocorreu três vezes por semana, no período vespertino, com aumento no tempo a cada duas semanas (20, 30 e 40 minutos), totalizando seis semanas. Foi realizado em um tanque de água circular de 200 litros, com profundidade de 50 cm e temperatura da água mantida entre 30 e 32º C. A ansiedade dos animais foi avaliada pelos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Aberto.Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas em qualquer dos testes comportamentais, comparando os três grupos.Conclusões: Não houve alteração no padrão comportamental de ratos Wistar submetidos a diferentes protocolos de exercício (natação forçada com e sem sobrecarga) quando comparados ao grupo controle não submetido a exercícios.

Aims: Regular exercise has several beneficial effects. However, reports show increasing concentrations of endogenous corticosteroids, which may inhibit neurogenesis and deteriorate cognitive functions, thus raising doubts as to the benefits of physical exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through behavioral tests, the effect of chronic forced swimming with and without overload on anxiety parameters in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats, divided into three groups, were assessed: Control Group - subjected only to evaluations and contact with water; Swimming Group - consisting of animals submitted to progressive swimming time; Weight-loaded Swimming Group - consisting of animals submitted to swimming with loads in excess of 10% of their body weight. The exercise was performed three times a week in the afternoon, with swimming time increases every two weeks (20, 30, and 40 minutes), during six weeks, A 200-liter circular water tank, filled to a depth of 50 cm, was used, and the water temperature was kept between 30º and 32º C. The animals' anxiety was assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field tests. Results: No significant differences between the three groups were detected by any of the behavioral tests.Conclusions: No changes were observed in the behavioral pattern of Wistar rats submitted to different exercise protocols (forced swimming with and without overload) compared to the control group.

Intensidad del Celo Espontáneo y Fertilidad de las Vacas en Dos Fincas con Ganadería Mestiza de Doble Propósito / Spontaneous Estrus Intensity and Fertility in Crossbred Cows Reared in Two Dual-Purpose Farms

Se realizó un estudio para evaluar la conducta sexual (CS) e intensidad del celo (ICel) en vacas de ganadería mestiza doble propósito (GDP) y su relación con la fertilidad (FERT) a la inseminación artificial (IA). Para ello, en vacas de dos fincas ubicadas en zona de bosque húmedo tropical de Venezuela, se registraron cinco signos conductuales secundarios de CS (SCSCS) y, a la IA, los tres signos físicos (SF): enrojecimiento de la mucosa de la vulva; presencia de moco cervical (limo) y excoriaciones y/o depilaciones en la parte trasera asociados al signo principal, aceptación quieta de la monta (AQM). Las vacas estuvieron bajo observación visual cuatro veces en horario diurno, durante una hora, separadas por intervalos de tres horas. Los animales fueron alimentados a pastoreo, suplementados con concentrado, sales y agua ad libitum. La IA se hizo siguiendo la regla AM-PM, la FERT por diagnóstico de gestación vía transrectal a los 45-60 d post-IA. A cada signo observado se le asignó un puntaje y a su ausencia 0. La AQM se valoró en 100 puntos, la ICel se clasificó en ICel-I=AQM (100 puntos) e ICel-II cuando fue >100 puntos. Se analizaron dos sumatorias, SumTotal: la suma de AQM+SCSCS+SF y SumIA: AQM+SF. La fertilidad fue de 52,64%, la asociación chi cuadrado con FERT fue significativa (p<0,05) para Finca 1 e ICel-II de SumIA con 74,16% y 61,86% de preñez, respectivamente. La regresión logística de Finca e ICel sobre FERT indicó mayor posibilidad de preñez en vacas de Finca 1 e ICel-II, con valor de la razón de probabilidades (Odds Ratio) de 3,116 (2,025-4,792) e ICel-II-SumIA de 1,746 (1,151-2,648), respectivamente. La calificación de los signos secundarios de la conducta sexual de la vaca asociados a la AQM para establecer la intensidad del celo, puede contribuir a pronosticar la fertilidad en la GDP.

A study was conducted to assess sexual behavior (SB) and estrous intensity (EI) in crossbred dual-purpose livestock (DPL) and its relationship with fertility (FERT) at the time of artificial insemination (AI). Cows reared in two farms (Farm 1 and Farm 2) located in the Tropical Rainforest of Venezuela were used. Five secondary behavioral signs (SBS) were registered; also, the following three physical signs (PS) at AI were registered: reddening of vulvar mucous membrane, mucus discharge and abrasions associated with the main sign of standing estrous (SE). Cows were visually observed four times in daylight, for one hour at three-hour intervals. They were fed on pasture, supplemented with concentrated salts and water ad libitum in pens. The AI was done using the am-pm rule. FERT was measured by transrectal pregnancy diagnosis performed 45-60 d after AI. Each sign observed was assigned a score, being 0 its absence. The SE was assigned a value of 100 points; the EI was ranked as EI-I= SE (100 points) and EI-II, for values >100 points. Two types of sum were analyzed: Total Sum = EI+SBS+PS and AI Sum = SE+PS. The overall fertility was 52.64%, the chi square association test with FERT was statistically significant (p<0.05) for Farm 1 and EI-II in AI Sum, with 74.16% and 61.86% of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression of farm and EI on FERT, indicated a greater likelihood of pregnancy for cows in Farm 1 and EI-II, with odds ratio values of 3.116 (2.025 to 4.792) and EI-II- AI Sum of 1,746 (1.151 to 2.648), respectively. The rating of SBS of the cow, associated with SE to set the intensity of the heat can help predict fertility in DPL.

Comportamiento de picadura de Anopheles darlingi Root,1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) y su asociación con la transmisiónde malaria en Villavicencio (Colombia) / Biting behavior of Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) and its association with malaria transmission in Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia)

Introducción. Anopheles darlingi es el principal vector de la malaria, o paludismo, en el neotrópico. Esta especie es reconocida por presentar un comportamiento antropofílico y variabilidad en sus hábitos de picadura a lo largo de su rango de distribución. Objetivo. Caracterizar el comportamiento de picadura de An. darlingi y establecer su relación con la transmisión de la malaria en Villavicencio. Materiales y métodos. Entre 2008 y 2009 se llevaron a cabo un estudio de tipo transversal y uno longitudinal, en cinco localidades de Villavicencio con transmisión de malaria. Estos incluyeron recolección de ejemplares inmaduros y de adultos en las viviendas. Se utilizó la prueba ELISA para la detección de infección con Plasmodium spp. Resultados. Se recolectaron 2.772 mosquitos. Anopheles darlingi fue la especie predominante en las capturas con atrayente humano. Los criaderos identificados para esta especie fueron pantanos, caños, lagunas y estanques piscícolas. Anopheles darlingi estuvo presente durante todo el año, con densidades mensuales promedio entre 2,2 y 55,5 mosquitos por persona por noche. Presentó actividad hematofágica durante toda la noche en el intradomicilio y en el peridomicilio. De las 18:00 a las 22:00, se registraron entre el 47 % y el 81 % de los mosquitos capturados en 12 horas de observación. Se encontró una tasa de infección con Plasmodium falciparum de 0,05 % y se estimó una tasa entomológica de inoculación de 2,9 picaduras infecciosas por persona al año. Conclusión. Anopheles darlingi se encontró infectado con P. falciparum, estuvo presente durante todo el año y exhibió características en su comportamiento de picadura que favorecen el contacto entre humano y vector, lo cual es un riesgo permanente para la transmisión de la malaria en Villavicencio.

Introduction: Anopheles darlingi is the main malaria vector in the neotropics. This species is recognized by its anthropophilic behavior and its high variability in biting activity throughout its distribution range. Objective: To characterize the biting behavior of An. darlingi and to establish its association with malaria transmission in Villavicencio. Materials and methods: Between 2008 and 2009, a cross sectional and a longitudinal entomological study were carried out in 5 localities with malaria transmission in Villavicencio. Mosquito collections included breeding sites search and human landing catches in houses. Collected mosquitoes were analyzed for Plasmodium using the ELISA standard protocol. Results: A total of 2,772 mosquitoes were collected in the study. Anopheles darlingi was the most abundant anopheline species. The most common breeding sites for this species were marshes, streams, lakes and fish ponds. Anopheles darlingi was found at all times during the year with monthly average human biting rates between 2.2 y 55.5 mosquitos/person/night. This species was collected throughout the night, indoors and outdoors, and 47 to 81% of An. darling captured during twelve hours of observation (18:00 to 06:00) were collected between18:00 and 22:00. Anopheles darlingi was found positive for P. falciparum with a 0.05% rate and the entomological inoculation rate was estimated at 2.9 infective bites/person per year. Conclusion: Anopheles darlingi was infected with P. falciparum, it was found all year long and it exhibited characteristics in biting behavior that favor human-vector contact, being a permanent risk for malaria transmission in Villavicencio.

Determinação do sexo em neon goby (Elacatinus sp. - Pisces: Gobiidae) por meio de análises comportamentais / Sexual determination by a behavioral method in neon goby (Elacatinus sp. - Pisces:Gobiidae)

Introdução - Os Gobiidae possuem espécies principalmente tropicais e representam 5 a 10% de todos os Teleostei, ocorrendo em águas marinhas, doces e salobras. Os gobies tropicais do gênero Elacatinus, popularmente chamados de neon gobies, são pequenos habitantes de recifes de corais e tem como principal função a eliminação de ectoparasitas de peixes maiores e invertebrados. Apresentam um colorido brilhante, são pacíficos e não tem dimorfismo sexual. Este fato dificulta sua reprodução em cativeiro. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer um modelo comportamental para determinação do sexo em neon gobies de tal forma a facilitar sua reproduçãoem cativeiro. Material e Métodos - Vinte exemplares deste peixe foram divididos em dois lotes com 10 indivíduos cada, sendo que os peixes de cada lote foram numerados aleatoriamente, de 01 a 10 e de 11 a 20, e organizados em duplas. A seguir, um indivíduo de cada dupla foi trocado efetuando-se todos os cruzamentos possíveis. Observou-se a presença de comportamento de corte ou agressivo entre os pares. Animais com comportamento agressivo foram considerados como de mesmo sexo e aqueles pares que apresentaram comportamento de corte foram considerados de sexo oposto. Resultados - Os resultados mostraram que este esquema permitiu separar machos e fêmeas. Conclusão - Conclui-se que este modelo comportamental representa uma alternativa simples e econômica para determinação do sexo nestes peixes. Além disto, este seria um primeiro passo para a realização de futuras reproduções em cativeiro, com aplicações práticas para a maioria das espécies do gênero Elacatinus sp. e também de outros peixes.

Introduction - The Gobiidae fishes represent 5 to 10% of all Teleostei with tropical species occurring in seawaters, fresh waters and briny. Tropical gobies, of the Elacatinus sort, as the neon goby are small habitants of the coral reefs. They have a shinning coloring, a pacific behavior and have as main niche the symbiosis of cleanness with bigger fishes and others invertebrates. They are used for the control of ectoparasits and did not present sexual dimorphism. The last fact hampersi ts reproduction in captivity. Thus the present investigation aims to establish a simple and practical model to determine neon gobies sex by a behavioral method. Material and Methods -Twenty fishes were divided in two equal groups and paired. The fishes of group 1 had been enumerate from 1 to 10 and in the second group from 11 to 20 in the second group. Alls fishes of group1 were paired with fishes from group 2. The pair's behavior was assessed. Animals which present aggressive behavior were considered as the same sex; and those displaying courtship behaviors were taken of opposite sex. Results - Results showed that this method was able to distinguish the sex of pairs. In fact, it was detected 25 couple in the first group and 21 couple in the second group. Conclusion - It was concluded that the behavioral method here employed allows determining thesex of neon gobies and representing a useful method to the neon gobies reproduction in captivity as well as for the majority of the species of Elacatinus sp.

Antidepressant effect of total flavonoids extracted from Xiaobuxin-Tang in forced swimming tests and learned helplessness in rats and mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

AIM Xiaobuxin-Tang (XBXT) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction which is composed of Haematitum, Flos Inulae, Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis and Semen Sojae Preparatum. The present study was to investigate if the total flavonoids extracted from XBXT (XBXT-2) had antidepressant effect. METHODS Forced swimming tests in mice and rats, and learned helplessness (LH) model of rats were adopted to affirm the antidepressant effect of XBXT-2 with the test on spontaneous motor activity. Plasma corticosterone level in the LH rats was measured with ELISA. RESULTS Single administraton of XBXT-2 at the doses of 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 (ig) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in the forced swimming tests in mice and rats. Researches on LH model of rats indicated that XBXT-2 at doses of 50 and 25 mg·kg-1 markedly reduced the number of escape failure in shuttle box. Meanwhile, the plasma corticosterone level of the LH rats was significantly decreased. XBXT-2 50-200 mg·kg-1 had no effects on spontaneous motor activity in mice. CONCLUSION XBXT-2 possesses significant antidepressant-like effect. The mechanism may involve the inhibition of the hyperaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Effect of chronic variable stress on forced swimming test of rats and parallel changes of hippocampus structure / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To observe the effect of chronic variable stress on the forced swimming test of rats,and investigate its preliminary mechanism.Methods First a mark was given to each Wistar rat by forced swimming test.12 Wistar rats which had similar scores were selected and divided into control group and model group averagely.The behavior changes of rats were induced in the forced swimming test by chronic stress and the plasma cortisol level was analyzed through radioimmunoassay(RIA) methods.The changes of hippocampus CA3 structure were observed with microscope.Results Compared with control group,chronic variable stress increased immobility time,reduced climbing time evidently and enhanced the weight of adrenal gland and the level of plasma cortisol(P

Honokiol ameliorates focal cerebral ischemia and enhances tissue reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

AIM To investigate the effects of honokiol on ischemic neurological deficiency and on the scavenging ability of ischemia reperfusion (I-R) brain tissue for reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODSCerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. I-R in mice were induced by blood stream pause in bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min and reperfusion for 30 min. The activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were determined with colorimetric methods. RESULTS Intravenous honokiol in 5-50 μg·kg-1 significantly decreased the neurological deficiency score, and diminished cerebral infarction volume in rats. In I-R brain tissue of mice, intravenous honokiol in 7-70 μg·kg-1 evidently enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase, and markedly lowered lipid peroxidative product malondialdehyde content. Moreover honokiol significantly increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity in I-R brain tissue. CONCLUSION Honokiol ameliorates the neurological deficiency behavior and diminishes infarction volume in MCAO rats; and enhances cerebral scavenging ability for ROS and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in cerebral I-R mice. It is indicated that honokiol is a protective agent for cerebral ischemia and I-R.

Central interleukin-1? involved in modulation of motor behavior in novelty stress rats / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the effect of central interleukin-1? (IL-1?) on motor behavioral responses in novelty stress rats. Methods: The novelty stress was elicited by novel environmental stimuli with novelty stress box. The intracerebrolventricular (ICV) cannula and microinjection were performed with rat brain stereotaxic system. Movement behaviors of rats were monitored by behavioral radio-telemetry system. As behavior index, mean percent immobility (MPI) was used to assess immobility of rats. Results: The decrease of MPI was remarkably elicited by novel environmental stimuli. In non-stressful condition, ICV anti-IL-1? antibody did not influence the MPI. The decrease of MPI induced by novel environmental stimuli was significantly blocked by ICV pretreatment with anti-IL-1? antibody. In novel stress, MPI of rats was not affected by ICV injection of non-specific IgG. Conclusion: Central interleukin-1? plays an important role in modulation of motor behavioral response to novelty stress.

Experimental Study of Effect of Acupuncture on Behaviors of Mice Model of Rapid Senilized Dementia / 中医杂志

By adopting scoring method on the degree of senilization and methods of high cross frame labyrinthine experiment and shuttle box on the basis of systematic observation on behavior characteristics of rapid senilized dementia in SAM - P/8 model, the effect of acupuncture method for wakening the consciousness and opening of orifices was observed. Results showed SAM -P/8 revealed apparent senilized characteristics of brain, being in a low intelligent condition, which is a rather ideal model for the study of natural damentia in the elderly. The acupuncture methods revealed an action of delaying senility process, improving the condition of frightening and increasing the ability of learning and memory.

Pharmacological Actions of Shenbao Mixture in Improving Sexual Function / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective: To observe the pharmacological actions of Shenbao mixture on sex function in mice. Methods: Accessory sex organ weight and sperm activity in normal and model mice with kidney-yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone were observed. The number of keratocytes,wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats were examined. Sexual behavior and immune function were also observed. Results: Shenbao mixture can increase the accessory sex organ weight in normal and model mice, enhance the sperm activity and sexual behavior in normal mice and increase the number of vaginal keratocytes, wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats. Shenbao mixture could also increase the wet weight of the thymus and the spleen and promote the proliferation of lymphocytes in model mice. Conclusion: Shenbao mixture can improve the sex function of mice.

Behavior Index of Two Morphine Dependent Models of Mice / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare the interaction of withdrawal behaviors and correlated indices of two morphine dependent models of mice.Method: Mice were given morphine with gradual increasing dose to establish two models of morphine dependence with different dosage sequence, i.e. model 1 for 7 days, model 2 for 5 days. Withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone and recorded. The weight of heart, liver, lung, kidneys, adrenal glands, testicles of the mice were compared.Result:Both methods (7 days way and 5 days way) successfully established morphine dependent models in mice. In withdrawal, the mice of 7 days model had more average times of jump and “wet-dog” shaking than the mice of 5 days model had, they had also more obvious upper eyelid dropping and anterior claw tremble. The weights of heart, kidneys, testicles of the mice of 7 days model were significantly lower than the counterparts of the mice of 5 days model. Conclusion:Both 7 days way and 5 days way can establish morphine dependent model of mice, the former has advantage of more indexes applicable while the later has advantage of less dose of morphine and short time needed.